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Delaware Prisoner’s Medical Claim Reinstated
by David M. Reutter
The Delaware Supreme Court has reversed a New Castle County Superior Court’s summary dismissal of a prisoner’s lawsuit raising medical negligence and constitutional claims, which alleged prison authorities had failed to treat his serious medical needs.
Delaware Correctional Center (DCC) prisoner Kenneth T. Deputy’s lawsuit was dismissed by the Superior Court with a form order that found his action was legally and factually frivolous. As a result, the dismissal occurred prior to service on the defendants. Deputy appealed.
His suit, filed in January 2007, stated he had previously injured his left shoulder. After numerous grievances for medical treatment, he was finally transported outside DCC for an MRI in March 2005. A consult with Dr. Dushuttle three months later revealed that Deputy had a torn rotator cuff.
That diagnosis required Deputy to decide whether he wanted to have surgery or to live with the pain. Dr. Dushuttle recommended surgery, advising that failure to have surgery could result in a complete rupture of the rotator for which pain medication would provide no relief. Deputy opted for surgery.
Prison officials, however, did not schedule the surgery. Instead, they denied all of Deputy’s medical grievances requesting such treatment and opted to administer cortisone injections to reduce the inflammation and pain in his shoulder. Thus, he lives with on-going pain that affects his ability to get dressed, bathe, sleep, exercise and work.
Deputy argued that the defendants’ refusal to provide adequate medical treatment constituted negligence and reflected deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. The Superior Court dismissed the negligence claim for failure to identify an expert to support the claim, and found the constitutional claim factually and legally frivolous.
The Delaware Supreme Court, however, found that “Deputy’s complaint, both factually and legally, stated a violation of his constitutional rights sufficient to withstand summary dismissal under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b).” The Court noted that “prison officials’ delay in providing surgery, if it proves harmful to the prisoner, can amount to deliberate indifference.”
As such, the Court reversed the summary dismissal and remanded the case for further proceedings. See: Deputy v. Conlan, 947 A.2d 1121 (Del. 2007).
Deputy’s lawsuit was filed while an investigation into Delaware’s prison health care – or lack thereof – was ongoing. Medical treatment provided to Delaware prisoners is now being monitored pursuant to an agreement with the U.S. Dept. of Justice. [See: PLN, Dec. 2005, p.1; July 2007, pp. 8 and 10; Nov. 2008, p.10].
The Delaware Supreme Court has reversed a New Castle County Superior Court’s summary dismissal of a prisoner’s lawsuit raising medical negligence and constitutional claims, which alleged prison authorities had failed to treat his serious medical needs.
Delaware Correctional Center (DCC) prisoner Kenneth T. Deputy’s lawsuit was dismissed by the Superior Court with a form order that found his action was legally and factually frivolous. As a result, the dismissal occurred prior to service on the defendants. Deputy appealed.
His suit, filed in January 2007, stated he had previously injured his left shoulder. After numerous grievances for medical treatment, he was finally transported outside DCC for an MRI in March 2005. A consult with Dr. Dushuttle three months later revealed that Deputy had a torn rotator cuff.
That diagnosis required Deputy to decide whether he wanted to have surgery or to live with the pain. Dr. Dushuttle recommended surgery, advising that failure to have surgery could result in a complete rupture of the rotator for which pain medication would provide no relief. Deputy opted for surgery.
Prison officials, however, did not schedule the surgery. Instead, they denied all of Deputy’s medical grievances requesting such treatment and opted to administer cortisone injections to reduce the inflammation and pain in his shoulder. Thus, he lives with on-going pain that affects his ability to get dressed, bathe, sleep, exercise and work.
Deputy argued that the defendants’ refusal to provide adequate medical treatment constituted negligence and reflected deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. The Superior Court dismissed the negligence claim for failure to identify an expert to support the claim, and found the constitutional claim factually and legally frivolous.
The Delaware Supreme Court, however, found that “Deputy’s complaint, both factually and legally, stated a violation of his constitutional rights sufficient to withstand summary dismissal under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b).” The Court noted that “prison officials’ delay in providing surgery, if it proves harmful to the prisoner, can amount to deliberate indifference.”
As such, the Court reversed the summary dismissal and remanded the case for further proceedings. See: Deputy v. Conlan, 947 A.2d 1121 (Del. 2007).
Deputy’s lawsuit was filed while an investigation into Delaware’s prison health care – or lack thereof – was ongoing. Medical treatment provided to Delaware prisoners is now being monitored pursuant to an agreement with the U.S. Dept. of Justice. [See: PLN, Dec. 2005, p.1; July 2007, pp. 8 and 10; Nov. 2008, p.10].
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Related legal case
Deputy v. Conlan
| Year | 2007 |
|---|---|
| Cite | 947 A.2d 1121 (Del. 2007) |
| Level | State Supreme Court |
Deputy v. Conlan, No. 168, 2007 (Del. 10/22/2007)
[1] IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
[2] No. 168, 2007
[3]
[4] October 22, 2007
[5] KENNETH T. DEPUTY, PLAINTIFF BELOW- APPELLANT,
v.
DR. CONLAN, MEDICAL DIRECTOR, JAMES WELCH, HEALTH ADMINISTRATOR, THOMAS CARROLL, WARDEN, DEFENDANTS BELOW- APPELLEES.
[6] Court Below-Superior Court of the State of Delaware, in and for New Castle County C.A. No. 07C-01-202.
[7] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Randy J. Holland Justice
[8] Submitted: July 20, 2007
[9] Before HOLLAND, JACOBS and RIDGELY, Justices.
[10] ORDER
[11] This 22nd day of October 2007, upon consideration of the parties' briefs and the record below, it appears to the Court that:
[12] (1) The plaintiff-appellant, Kenneth Deputy, filed this appeal from the Superior Court's order dismissing his complaint for medical negligence for his failure to identify an expert witness to support his claim, as required by 18 Del. C. § 6853. The Superior Court also dismissed Deputy's constitutional claims, which were founded upon the same alleged medical negligence, as being factually and legally frivolous. On this record, we find that Deputy's complaint, both factually and legally, stated a claim of a violation of his constitutional rights sufficient to withstand summary dismissal under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b). Accordingly, we vacate the Superior Court's judgment and remand this matter for further proceedings consistent with this Order.
[13] (2) Deputy is incarcerated at the Delaware Correctional Center ("DCC") in Smyrna. He filed a complaint in January 2007 against the warden, medical director, and health administrator of DCC, alleging that the defendants were acting with deliberate indifference to his medical needs by refusing him proper medical treatment. Deputy alleged that his left shoulder had been injured while incarcerated and that he had filed numerous medical grievances requesting treatment. In March 2005, Deputy was transported outside DCC for an MRI. A consult with Dr. DuShuttle in June 2005 revealed that Deputy had a torn rotator cuff. Deputy alleged that Dr. DuShuttle stated that Deputy either needed surgery or else he would have to live with the pain. Deputy further alleged that Dr. DuShuttle recommended the surgery and advised that failure to have the surgery could result in a complete rupture of the rotator for which pain medication would provide no relief. Based on DuShuttle's recommendation, Deputy opted for surgery.
[14] (3) Deputy's complaint further alleged that he went through the prison's medical grievance process in order to have the surgery approved, but his request was denied. Instead, prison officials opted to administer cortisone injections to reduce the inflammation and pain in his shoulder. The complaint asserted that he lives with on-going pain that affects his ability to get dressed, bathe, sleep, exercise, and work. Deputy alleged that the defendants' refusal to provide him with adequate medical treatment constitutes medical negligence and reflects the defendants' deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs in violation of his 8th and 14th Amendment rights. Pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 8803(b), the Superior Court summarily dismissed Deputy's complaint as both factually and legally frivolous without requiring service of the complaint on the defendants.*fn1
[15] (4) After careful consideration of the parties' respective briefs on appeal, we conclude that dismissal of Deputy's complaint as factually and legally frivolous was an abuse of the Superior Court's discretion at this stage of the proceedings. Dismissal of an indigent plaintiff's complaint as factually frivolous under the in forma pauperis statute is appropriate "when the facts alleged rise to the level of the irrational or the wholly incredible, whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts available to contradict them."*fn2 The trial court's discretion to dismiss an indigent plaintiff's complaint as legally frivolous is "limited to screening out only those claims that are based on an indisputably meritless legal theory."*fn3
[16] (5) Deliberate indifference to a prisoner's serious medical needs violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.*fn4 To state a claim for deliberate indifference, the prisoner must establish that prison officials were subjectively aware of a substantial risk of serious harm to the prisoner and failed to take reasonable measures to abate that risk.*fn5 Deliberate indifference can occur when prison officials deny, delay or intentionally interfere with medical treatment or it may be shown in the way in which prison officials provide medical care.*fn6 Prison authorities have "wide discretion" in the medical treatment afforded to prisoners*fn7 and medical negligence alone is insufficient to state a claim for a constitutional violation.*fn8
[17] Nonetheless, courts have held that prison officials' delay in providing surgery, if it proves harmful to the prisoner, can amount to deliberate indifference.*fn9
[18] (6) Applying these legal standards to the present case, we conclude that the allegations of Deputy's complaint were sufficient at this stage of the proceedings to withstand summary dismissal. The facts Deputy alleged were not wholly incredible and, if proven, could present a meritorious legal claim. Even if the Superior Court ultimately concludes that Deputy's complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, we conclude that summary dismissal of the complaint without requiring defendants to answer or giving Deputy an opportunity to amend was an abuse of discretion.
[19] NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior Court is VACATED. This matter is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this Order. Jurisdiction is not retained.
Opinion Footnotes
[20] *fn1 The Superior Court's order dismissing Deputy's constitutional claims failed to supply any rationale for its conclusions that the claims were factually and legally frivolous. The form order merely contained a list of reasons for summary dismissal from which the trial court could choose the applicable reason by checking off a box. Even in cases such as this, in which the trial court summarily dismisses a complaint on the ground of frivolousness, it is still necessary for the trial court to provide a rationale, however brief, explaining its dismissal of the case. See, e.g., Redden v. McGill, 549 A.2d 695, 698 (Del. 1988); Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 34 (1992).
[21] *fn2 Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992) (construing the federal in forma pauperis statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d)).
[22] *fn3 Roman v. Jeffes, 904 F.2d 192, 195 (3d Cir. 1990).
[23] *fn4 Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976).
[24] *fn5 Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994).
[25] *fn6 McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1060 (9th Cir. 1992).
[26] *fn7 Stiltner v. Rhay, 371 F.3d 420, 421(9th Cir. 1967).
[27] *fn8 Monmouth County Corr. Inst. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 346 (3d Cir. 1987).
[28] *fn9 Shapley v. Nevada Bd. of State Prison Comm'rs, 766 F.2d 404, 408 (9th Cir. 1985).
[1] IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
[2] No. 168, 2007
[3]
[4] October 22, 2007
[5] KENNETH T. DEPUTY, PLAINTIFF BELOW- APPELLANT,
v.
DR. CONLAN, MEDICAL DIRECTOR, JAMES WELCH, HEALTH ADMINISTRATOR, THOMAS CARROLL, WARDEN, DEFENDANTS BELOW- APPELLEES.
[6] Court Below-Superior Court of the State of Delaware, in and for New Castle County C.A. No. 07C-01-202.
[7] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Randy J. Holland Justice
[8] Submitted: July 20, 2007
[9] Before HOLLAND, JACOBS and RIDGELY, Justices.
[10] ORDER
[11] This 22nd day of October 2007, upon consideration of the parties' briefs and the record below, it appears to the Court that:
[12] (1) The plaintiff-appellant, Kenneth Deputy, filed this appeal from the Superior Court's order dismissing his complaint for medical negligence for his failure to identify an expert witness to support his claim, as required by 18 Del. C. § 6853. The Superior Court also dismissed Deputy's constitutional claims, which were founded upon the same alleged medical negligence, as being factually and legally frivolous. On this record, we find that Deputy's complaint, both factually and legally, stated a claim of a violation of his constitutional rights sufficient to withstand summary dismissal under 10 Del. C. § 8803(b). Accordingly, we vacate the Superior Court's judgment and remand this matter for further proceedings consistent with this Order.
[13] (2) Deputy is incarcerated at the Delaware Correctional Center ("DCC") in Smyrna. He filed a complaint in January 2007 against the warden, medical director, and health administrator of DCC, alleging that the defendants were acting with deliberate indifference to his medical needs by refusing him proper medical treatment. Deputy alleged that his left shoulder had been injured while incarcerated and that he had filed numerous medical grievances requesting treatment. In March 2005, Deputy was transported outside DCC for an MRI. A consult with Dr. DuShuttle in June 2005 revealed that Deputy had a torn rotator cuff. Deputy alleged that Dr. DuShuttle stated that Deputy either needed surgery or else he would have to live with the pain. Deputy further alleged that Dr. DuShuttle recommended the surgery and advised that failure to have the surgery could result in a complete rupture of the rotator for which pain medication would provide no relief. Based on DuShuttle's recommendation, Deputy opted for surgery.
[14] (3) Deputy's complaint further alleged that he went through the prison's medical grievance process in order to have the surgery approved, but his request was denied. Instead, prison officials opted to administer cortisone injections to reduce the inflammation and pain in his shoulder. The complaint asserted that he lives with on-going pain that affects his ability to get dressed, bathe, sleep, exercise, and work. Deputy alleged that the defendants' refusal to provide him with adequate medical treatment constitutes medical negligence and reflects the defendants' deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs in violation of his 8th and 14th Amendment rights. Pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 8803(b), the Superior Court summarily dismissed Deputy's complaint as both factually and legally frivolous without requiring service of the complaint on the defendants.*fn1
[15] (4) After careful consideration of the parties' respective briefs on appeal, we conclude that dismissal of Deputy's complaint as factually and legally frivolous was an abuse of the Superior Court's discretion at this stage of the proceedings. Dismissal of an indigent plaintiff's complaint as factually frivolous under the in forma pauperis statute is appropriate "when the facts alleged rise to the level of the irrational or the wholly incredible, whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts available to contradict them."*fn2 The trial court's discretion to dismiss an indigent plaintiff's complaint as legally frivolous is "limited to screening out only those claims that are based on an indisputably meritless legal theory."*fn3
[16] (5) Deliberate indifference to a prisoner's serious medical needs violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.*fn4 To state a claim for deliberate indifference, the prisoner must establish that prison officials were subjectively aware of a substantial risk of serious harm to the prisoner and failed to take reasonable measures to abate that risk.*fn5 Deliberate indifference can occur when prison officials deny, delay or intentionally interfere with medical treatment or it may be shown in the way in which prison officials provide medical care.*fn6 Prison authorities have "wide discretion" in the medical treatment afforded to prisoners*fn7 and medical negligence alone is insufficient to state a claim for a constitutional violation.*fn8
[17] Nonetheless, courts have held that prison officials' delay in providing surgery, if it proves harmful to the prisoner, can amount to deliberate indifference.*fn9
[18] (6) Applying these legal standards to the present case, we conclude that the allegations of Deputy's complaint were sufficient at this stage of the proceedings to withstand summary dismissal. The facts Deputy alleged were not wholly incredible and, if proven, could present a meritorious legal claim. Even if the Superior Court ultimately concludes that Deputy's complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, we conclude that summary dismissal of the complaint without requiring defendants to answer or giving Deputy an opportunity to amend was an abuse of discretion.
[19] NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior Court is VACATED. This matter is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this Order. Jurisdiction is not retained.
Opinion Footnotes
[20] *fn1 The Superior Court's order dismissing Deputy's constitutional claims failed to supply any rationale for its conclusions that the claims were factually and legally frivolous. The form order merely contained a list of reasons for summary dismissal from which the trial court could choose the applicable reason by checking off a box. Even in cases such as this, in which the trial court summarily dismisses a complaint on the ground of frivolousness, it is still necessary for the trial court to provide a rationale, however brief, explaining its dismissal of the case. See, e.g., Redden v. McGill, 549 A.2d 695, 698 (Del. 1988); Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 34 (1992).
[21] *fn2 Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992) (construing the federal in forma pauperis statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d)).
[22] *fn3 Roman v. Jeffes, 904 F.2d 192, 195 (3d Cir. 1990).
[23] *fn4 Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976).
[24] *fn5 Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994).
[25] *fn6 McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1060 (9th Cir. 1992).
[26] *fn7 Stiltner v. Rhay, 371 F.3d 420, 421(9th Cir. 1967).
[27] *fn8 Monmouth County Corr. Inst. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 346 (3d Cir. 1987).
[28] *fn9 Shapley v. Nevada Bd. of State Prison Comm'rs, 766 F.2d 404, 408 (9th Cir. 1985).