U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bulletin

Prisoners in 2001
By Paige M. Harrison
and Allen J. Beck, Ph.D.
BJS Statisticians
The total number of prisoners under
the jurisdiction of Federal or State
adult correctional authorities was
1,406,031 at yearend 2001. During the
year the States added 3,193 prisoners,
and the Federal prison system added
11,577 prisoners. Overall, the Nation=s
prison population grew 1.1%, which
was less than the average annual
growth of 3.8% since yearend 1995.
During 2001 the prison population rose
at the lowest rate since 1972 and had
the smallest absolute increase since
1979.
The rate of incarceration in prison at
yearend 2001 was 470 sentenced
inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents C
up from 411 in 1995. About 1 in every
112 men and 1 in every 1,724 women
were sentenced prisoners under the
jurisdiction of State or Federal
authorities.
Overall, the United States incarcerated
2,100,146 persons at yearend 2001.
This total represents persons held in C
C Federal and State prisons
(1,324,465, which excludes State
and Federal prisoners in local jails)
C territorial prisons (15,852)
C local jails (631,240)
C facilities operated by or exclusively
for the U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service (8,761)
C military facilities (2,436)
C jails in Indian country (1,912)
C juvenile facilities (108,965 as of
October 1999).

July 2002, NCJ 195189

Highlights
DecemNumber of inmates
ber 31 Federal
State
1990
1995
1999
2000
2001

65,526
100,250
135,246
145,416
156,993

708,393
1,025,624
1,228,455
1,245,845
1,249,038

Sentenced prisoners per
100,000 resident population
Federal
State
20
32
42
44
48

272
379
434
425
422

Population housed
as a percent of
highest capacity
Federal
State
-126%
132
131
131

115%
114
101
100
101

--Not available.

• During 2001, 10 States experienced prison population decreases,
led by New Jersey (down 5.5%),
followed by Utah (-5.2%), New York
(- 3.8%), and Texas (-2.8%). Other
States had increases, led by West
Virginia (up 9.3%), Alaska (8.9%),
Idaho (8.5%), Oregon (8.3%), and
Hawaii (7.9%).
• Between July 1, 2001, and December 31, 2001, the number of inmates
under State jurisdiction declined by
3,705 inmates (down 0.3%), repeating the same pattern of decline first
observed in the last 6 months of
2000.
• The Federal Bureau of Prisons
continued to grow rapidly, up 4,205
inmates since midyear 2001. At
yearend 2001, the Federal system
was the third largest prison system,
behind Texas (162,070) and California (159,444). If growth rates remain
unchanged, the Federal system will
be the largest by yearend 2002.
• At yearend 2001, privately operated
facilities housed 91,828 inmates
(5.8% of State and 12.3% of Federal
inmates); local jails housed 70,681
State and Federal inmates (5.0% of
all prisoners).

• On December 31, 2001, State
prisons were operating between 1%
and 16% above capacity, while
Federal prisons were operating at
31% above capacity.
• At yearend 2001, 93,031 women
were in State or Federal prisons —
6.6% of all prison inmates.
• Since 1995 the number of male
prisoners has grown 24% (reaching
1,313,000 in 2001), while the number
of female prisoners has increased
36%.
• At yearend 2000, 49% of State
prisoners were serving time for violent
offenses, up from 46% in 1990.
• Violent offenders accounted for 55%
of the increase among male inmates
and 33% of the increase among
female inmates.
• Among the more than 1.3 million
sentenced inmates at yearend 2001,
an estimated 441,700 were black
males between the ages of 20 and 39.
At yearend 2001, 10.0% of black
males age 25 to 29 were in prison,
compared to 2.9% of Hispanic males
and 1.2% of white males in the same
age group.

More than 1.96 million in prisons
and local jails
On December 31, 2001, 1,324,465
inmates were in the custody of State
and Federal prison authorities, and
631,240 were in the custody of local
jail authorities (table 1). Since yearend
2000 the total incarcerated population
has increased by 24,738. Including
inmates in public and privately
operated facilities, the number of
inmates in State prisons increased

0.4% during 2001; the number in
Federal prisons, 7.0%; and in local
jails, 1.6%. During 2001 the total
incarcerated population grew 1.3% C
about a third of the annual average
(3.6%) since 1995.
The rate of incarceration in prison and
jail was 686 inmates per 100,000
residents in 2001, up from 601 in 1995.
At yearend 2001, 1 in every 146 U.S.
residents were incarcerated in State or
Federal prison or a local jail.

Table 1. Number of persons held in State or Federal prisons
or in local jails, 1990-2001
Prisoners in custody on
Total inmates December 31
in custody
Federal
State
1,148,702
58,838
684,544
1,585,586
89,538
989,004
1,646,020
95,088
1,032,440
1,743,643
101,755
1,074,809
1,816,931
110,793
1,113,676
1,893,115
125,682
1,161,490
1,937,482
133,921
1,176,269
1,962,220
143,337
1,181,128

1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999b
2000c
2001c
Percent change,
2000-2001

Inmates in jail
on June 30
405,320
507,044
518,492
567,079
592,462
605,943
621,149
631,240

1.3%

7.0%

0.4%

1.6%

Average annual increase,
1995-2001
3.6%

8.2%

3.0%

3.7%

Incarceration ratea
458
601
618
648
669
691
684
686

Note: Counts include all inmates held in public and private adult correctional facilities.
Jail counts for 1995-2001 exclude persons supervised outside of a jail facility.
a
Number of prison and jail inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents at yearend. Rates for 2000
have been revised using estimates based on the 2000 Census of Population and Housing.
b
In 1999, 15 States expanded their reporting criteria to include inmates held in privately
operated correctional facilities. For comparisons with previous years, the State count
1,137,544 and the total count 1,869,169 should be used.
c
Total counts include Federal inmates in non-secure privately operated facilities (6,515
in 2001 and 6,143 in 2000).

Percent change during 6-month periods in the number of prisoners
under the jurisdiction of State correctional authorities, 1995-2001

5%
4%
3%
2%

Jan.June JulyDec.

1%
0%

1995

Figure 1

2 Prisoners in 2001

The 2001 growth in the number of
inmates under State or Federal jurisdiction (1.1%) was lower than the
percentage increase recorded during
2000 (1.3%) and the lowest annual rate
recorded since 1972 (table 2). The
population under the jurisdiction of
State and Federal authorities increased
by 14,770 inmates during 2001, lower
than the increase in 2000 (up 18,191).
Since December 31, 1995, the prison
population has grown an average of
41,919 inmates per year.
Since 1995 the overall growth of the
Nation’s prison population has steadily
slowed (figure 1). Annual growth rates
dropped from 6.7% in 1995 to 1.1% in
2001. In absolute numbers, the annual
increase in prisoners under State or
Federal jurisdiction fell from 71,172 in
1995 to 14,770 in 2001.

Table 2. Change in the State and
Federal prison populations,
1995-2001
Annual increase in the
number of prisoners Percent
Custody Jurisdiction change*
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

88,395
49,222
48,800
47,905
36,957
25,182
14,275

71,172
57,494
58,785
58,420
43,796
18,191
14,770

6.7%
5.1
5.0
4.7
3.4
1.3
1.1

Average annual
increase,
1995-2001 37,057

41,919

3.8%

Note: In years in which States changed their
reporting methods, counts based on comparable methods were used to calculate the
annual increase and percent change. See
Methodology for changes by State.
*Change in the number of prisoners under
State and Federal jurisdiction.

Percent change

-1%

U.S. prison population rose 1.1%
during 2001 — the smallest annual
growth rate since 1972

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Twelve States reported increases
of at least 5% during 2001;
10 States reported decreases
Between January 1 and December 31,
West Virginia experienced the largest
increase (up 9.3%), followed by Alaska
(8.9%), Idaho (8.5%), and Oregon
(8.3%) (table 3). Ten States experienced a decline in prison populations.
New Jersey had the largest decline
(down 5.5%), followed by Utah (down
5.2%), New York (down 3.8%), Texas
(down 2.8%), and California (down
2.2%). The District of Columbia (down
63.1%) transferred responsibility for
sentenced felons to the Federal
Bureau of Prisons. (See page 4.)

Table 3. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctional
authorities, by region and jurisdiction, June 30, 2000 to December 31, 2001
Total
Region and
jurisdiction
U.S. total
Federal
State

12/31/00

06/30/00

1,406,031 1,405,531 1,391,261
156,993
152,788
145,416
1,249,038 1,252,743 1,245,845

1,390,944
142,530
1,248,414

1.1%
8.0
0.3

0.0%
2.8
-0.3

172,614
19,196
1,704
10,602
2,392
28,142
67,534
38,062
3,241
1,741

172,925
18,875
1,693
10,734
2,323
28,108
69,158
37,105
3,147
1,782

174,826
18,355
1,679
10,722
2,257
29,784
70,199
36,847
3,286
1,697

177,965
18,616
1,715
11,150
2,254
31,081
71,691
36,617
3,186
1,655

-1.3%
4.6
1.5
-1.1
6.0
-5.5
-3.8
3.3
-1.4
2.6

-0.2%
1.7
0.6
-1.2
3.0
0.1
-2.3
2.6
3.0
-2.3

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowab
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

240,739
44,348
20,966
7,962
8,577
48,849
6,606
28,757
3,937
1,111
45,281
2,812
21,533

240,213
45,629
20,576
8,101
8,543
48,371
6,514
28,167
3,944
1,080
45,684
2,673
20,931

237,378
45,281
20,125
7,955
8,344
47,718
6,238
27,543
3,895
1,076
45,833
2,616
20,754

236,804
44,819
19,874
7,646
8,780
47,317
6,219
27,292
3,663
1,004
46,838
2,571
20,781

1.4%
-2.1
4.2
0.1
2.8
2.4
5.9
4.4
1.1
3.3
-1.2
7.5
3.8

0.2%
-2.8
1.9
-1.7
0.4
1.0
1.4
2.1
-0.2
2.9
-0.9
5.2
2.9

562,239
26,741
12,159
7,006
2,750
72,406
45,937
15,424
35,710
23,752
21,460
31,979
22,780
22,576
23,671
162,070
31,603
4,215

563,818
27,286
12,332
7,122
5,388
72,007
45,363
15,400
35,494
23,970
20,672
31,142
23,139
22,267
23,168
164,465
30,473
4,130

561,214
26,332
11,915
6,921
7,456
71,319
44,232
14,919
35,207
23,538
20,241
31,266
23,181
21,778
22,166
166,719
30,168
3,856

561,583
25,786
11,559
7,043
8,575
71,233
43,626
15,444
34,734
23,704
19,264
31,070
23,009
22,154
22,566
168,126
29,890
3,800

0.2%
1.6
2.0
1.2
-63.1
1.5
3.9
3.4
1.4
0.9
6.0
2.3
-1.7
3.7
6.8
-2.8
4.8
9.3

-0.3%
-2.0
-1.4
-1.6
-49.0
0.6
1.3
0.2
0.6
-0.9
3.8
2.7
-1.6
1.4
2.2
-1.5
3.7
2.1

273,446
4,546
27,710
159,444
17,448
5,454
6,006
3,328
10,201
5,668
11,455
5,343
15,159
1,684

275,787
4,197
27,136
163,965
17,122
5,412
5,688
3,250
10,291
5,288
11,077
5,440
15,242
1,679

272,427
4,173
26,510
163,001
16,833
5,053
5,535
3,105
10,063
5,342
10,580
5,637
14,915
1,680

272,062
4,025
26,287
164,490
16,319
5,051
5,465
3,039
9,920
5,277
10,313
5,450
14,704
1,722

0.4%
8.9
4.5
-2.2
3.7
7.9
8.5
7.2
1.4
6.1
8.3
-5.2
1.6
0.2

-0.8%
8.3
2.1
-2.8
1.9
0.8
5.6
2.4
-0.9
7.2
3.4
-1.8
-0.5
0.3

Dist. of Columbiaa,c
Floridab
Georgiab
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

In the last 6 months of 2001, the
State prison population declined
about 3,700 inmates

Prisoners under the jurisdiction of State or
Federal correctional authorities, 1999-2001
Date
State*
Federal
06/30/99
1,224,404
130,378
12/31/99
1,228,455
135,246
06/30/00
1,248,414
142,530
12/31/00
1,245,845
145,416
06/30/01
1,252,743
152,788
12/31/01
1,249,038
156,993
*See Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear
2001 (NCJ 191702) for State counts for
June 30, 2000, and 2001.

06/30/01

Northeast
Connecticuta
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islanda
Vermonta

In absolute numbers of inmates, 10
jurisdictions grew by at least 1,000
inmates. The Federal system (up
11,577), experienced the largest
growth, followed by Georgia (up 1,705),
and Tennessee (up 1,505). Four
States had decreases of at least 1,000
inmates. Texas (down 4,649) experienced the greatest decline, followed
South
by California (down 3,557), New York
Alabama
Arkansas
(down 2,665), and New Jersey (down
Delawarea
1,642).

Between July 1, 2001, and December
31, 2001, the number of inmates under
State jurisdiction dropped 0.3% (from
1,252,743 at midyear to 1,249,038 at
yearend). At the same time the
Federal population continued to grow
(up 2.8% from midyear 2001). In the
last 6 months of 2001, the Federal
population rose 4,205, compared to
an increase of 7,372 inmates in the
first 6 months.

12/31/01

Percent change
12/31/006/30/0112/31/01
12/31/01

West
Alaskaa
Arizonab
California
Colorado
Hawaiia
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison population.
Population figures are based on custody counts. (See Jurisdiction notes.)
c
Responsibility for sentenced felons was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
(See Jurisdiction notes.)
a
b

Prisoners in 2001

3

Table 4. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of State
or Federal correctional authorities, yearend 2000 and 2001
Region and
jurisdiction
U.S. total
Federal
State

Sentenced prisoners
Advance
2001
2000

Percent
change,
2000-01

Incarceration rate,
2001a

1,344,512 1,329,367

1.1%

470

136,509 125,044
1,208,003 1,204,323

9.2
0.3

48
422

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusettsb
New Hampshire
New Jerseyc
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

163,639
13,276
1,641
9,358
2,392
28,142
67,534
38,057
1,926
1,313

166,632
13,155
1,635
9,479
2,257
29,784
70,199
36,844
1,966
1,313

-1.8%
0.9
0.4
-1.3
6.0
-5.5
-3.8
3.3
-2.0
0.0

304
387
127
243
188
331
355
310
181
213

Midwest
Illinoisc
Indiana
Iowac
Kansasc
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohioc
South Dakota
Wisconsin

239,678
44,348
20,883
7,962
8,577
48,849
6,606
28,736
3,865
1,017
45,281
2,803
20,751

236,458
45,281
19,811
7,955
8,344
47,718
6,238
27,519
3,816
994
45,833
2,613
20,336

1.4%
-2.1
5.4
0.1
2.8
2.4
5.9
4.4
1.3
2.3
-1.2
7.3
2.0

370
355
341
272
318
488
132
509
225
161
398
370
383

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Dist. of Columbiad
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahomac
South Carolina
Tennesseec
Texasc
Virginia
West Virginia

539,580
26,138
12,076
4,034
795
72,398
45,904
15,104
35,710
22,842
20,476
27,632
22,780
21,606
23,671
153,056
31,194
4,164

537,086
24,123
11,851
3,937
5,008
71,318
44,141
14,919
35,207
22,490
19,239
27,043
23,181
21,017
22,166
158,008
29,643
3,795

0.5%
-1.9
2.5
-1.5
4.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
6.4
2.2
-1.7
2.8
6.8
-3.1
5.2
9.7

526
584
447
504
-437
542
371
800
422
715
335
658
529
411
711
431
231

West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

265,106
1,920
26,463
157,295
17,448
3,670
6,006
3,328
10,201
5,408
11,413
5,250
15,020
1,684

264,147
2,128
25,412
160,412
16,833
3,553
5,535
3,105
10,063
4,666
10,553
5,541
14,666
1,680

0.4%
-9.8
4.1
-1.9
3.7
3.3
8.5
7.2
1.4
15.9
8.1
-5.3
2.4
0.2

408
300
492
453
391
298
451
368
474
295
327
230
249
340

--Not calculated.
Prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year per 100,000 residents.
b
The incarceration rate includes an estimated 6,200 inmates sentenced
to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of corrections.
c
Includes some inmates sentenced to 1 year or less.
d
Responsibility for sentenced felons was transferred to the Federal
Bureau of Prisons. (See Jurisdiction notes.)
a

4 Prisoners in 2001

Since January 1, 1995, 6-month growth rates for all
States combined have dropped sharply. In addition,
growth rates in the first half of each year have been
substantially larger than rates in the second half. At the
same time, Federal growth rates rose, reaching a peak
of 6.0% in the first 6 months of 1999. Since then,
growth in the first half of each year slowed (to 5.4%
in 2000 and 5.1% in 2001).

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

Federal growth rates
in 6-month intervals
January-June
July-December
4.7%
0.8%
3.5
1.8
4.4
2.6
5.3
3.5
6.0
3.7
5.4
2.0
5.1
2.8

Federal and State growth affected by the transfer
of sentenced felons from the District of Columbia
The transfer of responsibility for sentenced felons from
the District of Columbia to the Federal system was
completed by yearend 2001. Since June 30, 2000, the
inmate population in the District of Columbia has
dropped by 5,825 inmates (down 68% in 18 months).
On December 31, 2001, the Federal system held 6,930
inmates from the District of Columbia, up from 4,486
on June 30, 2001, and 2,858 on December 31, 2000.
Approximately 58% of the growth in the Federal system
in the last 6 months of 2001 was the result of this transfer of responsibility.
Excluding the shift of inmates from the District of Columbia to the Federal system, the overall drop in the State
prison population in the last 6 months of 2001 totaled
1,261 inmates (a decline of 0.1%).
Sentenced Federal inmate population rose 9.2%
during the last 12 months
Prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year
(Asentenced prisoners@) represented 97% of the total
State prison population and 87% of the Federal prison
population at yearend 2001. During the 12-month
period, the sentenced prison population grew 1.1%
(table 4). The remaining prisoners had sentences of a
year or less or were currently unsentenced.
While the State sentenced prison population rose 0.3%
during 2001, the sentenced Federal prison population
grew 9.2%. The Federal prison system added 11,465
sentenced prisoners C the equivalent of more than 220
new inmates per week.

Prison incarceration rates continue to rise
The incarceration rate of State and Federal prisoners
sentenced to more than 1 year was 470 per 100,000 U.S.
residents at yearend 2001, up from 469 at yearend 2000.
Rates of incarceration have risen steadily. Previously
published rates have changed as a result of shifting to
population estimates from the 2000 decennial census.
Estimates (in 1,000’s) of
U.S. resident population
at yearend
1990 Census 2000 Census*
1999
274,051
281,890
2000
276,578
283,461
2001
-286,200

Number of sentenced inmates
per 100,000 U.S. residents
at yearend
1990 Census
2000 Census
476
463
481
469
-470

--Not calculated.
*The resident population for yearend 1999 was estimated by
calculating the monthly growth rate from April 1, 2000, to
July 1, 2000, and assuming a constant rate for the 3 months
prior to the April count.

Incarceration rates prior to yearend 2000 were based on
population estimates using the 1990 Census of Population
and Housing. The rate at yearend 1999 was 476 per
100,000. However, if the 2000 census had been used to
estimate the yearend 1999 resident population, the revised
incarceration rate would have been 463.
Of the 12 States with rates greater than that for the Nation
at yearend 2001, 8 were in the South, 2 were in the West,
and 2 were in the Midwest. Two States C Maine (127) and
Minnesota (132) C had rates that were less than a third the
national rate. The District of Columbia, a wholly urban
jurisdiction, was not calculated due to the transfer of
responsibility of sentenced felons to the Federal system.
Since 1995 the number of sentenced prisoners per
100,000 residents has risen from 411 to 470. During this
period, incarceration rates rose most in the South (from
483 to 526) and West (from 358 to 408). The rate in the
Midwest rose from 310 to 370, and the rate in the Northeast grew slightly from 301 to 304. The number of
sentenced Federal prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents
increased from 32 to 48.
Since 1995 the sentenced inmate population in State
prisons has grown 21% (table 5). During this period 10
States increased their sentenced inmate populations by at
least 50%, led by North Dakota (up 87%), Idaho (up 81%),
and Oregon (up 75%). Between 1995 and 2001 the
Federal system reported an additional 52,846 inmates
sentenced to more than year, an increase of 63%.

Table 5. Change in the number of sentenced prisoners
under the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctional
authorities, 1995-2001
Region and
jurisdiction
U.S. total
Federal
State

1995-2001
Population
Percent
difference
change
259,490
23.9%

Average
annual percent change
3.6%

52,846
206,644

63.2%
20.6

8.5%
3.2

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusettsa,b
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

8,609
2,857
315
-1,069
377
1,076
-952
5,647
93
265

5.6%
27.4
23.8
-10.3
18.7
4.0
-1.4
17.4
5.1
25.3

0.9%
4.1
3.6
-1.8
2.9
0.7
-0.2
2.7
0.8
3.8

Midwest
Illinois
Indianaa
Iowa
Kansas
Michigana
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

47,501
6,690
4,837
2,056
1,523
7,737
1,760
9,602
859
473
618
932
10,414

24.7%
17.8
30.1
34.8
21.6
18.8
36.3
50.2
28.6
86.9
1.4
49.8
--

3.7%
2.8
4.5
5.1
3.3
2.9
5.3
7.0
4.3
11.0
0.2
7.0
--

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Dist. of Columbiac
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolinaa
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

93,089
6,008
3,556
1,020
-8,247
8,532
11,736
3,044
10,515
2,392
8,225
-282
4,629
2,591
8,465
25,290
3,934
1,681

20.8%
29.8
41.7
33.8
-13.4
34.3
25.2
41.7
11.7
67.1
-1.0
25.5
13.6
55.7
19.8
14.4
67.7

3.2%
4.4
6.0
5.0
-2.1
5.0
3.8
6.0
1.9
8.9
-0.2
3.9
2.2
7.7
3.1
2.3
9.0

West
Alaska
Arizona
Californiaa
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyominga

57,445
-122
6,172
25,550
6,385
1,080
2,678
1,329
2,488
1,483
4,898
1,803
3,412
289

27.7%
-6.0
30.4
19.4
57.7
41.7
80.5
66.5
32.3
37.8
75.2
52.3
29.4
20.7

4.2%
-1.0
4.5
3.0
7.9
6.0
10.3
8.9
4.8
5.5
9.8
7.3
4.4
3.2

--Not calculated, because of changes in reporting procedures.
a
Growth may be slightly overestimated due to a change in reporting
from custody to jurisdiction counts.
b
Excludes sentenced inmates held in local jails or houses of corrections.
c
Responsibility for sentenced felons was transferred to the Federal
Bureau of Prisons.

Prisoners in 2001

5

Table 6. The 10 highest and lowest jurisdictions for selected characteristics
of the prison population, yearend 2001
Prison
population

Number of
inmates

10 highest:
Texas
California
Federal
Florida
New York
Michigan
Georgia
Ohio
Illinois
Pennsylvania

Rate per
100,000 State
residentsa

Incarceration
rates, 2001

1-year growth,
2000-2001

162,070
159,444
156,933
72,406
67,534
48,849
45,937
45,281
44,348
38,062

Louisiana
Mississippi
Texas
Oklahoma
Alabama
Georgia
South Carolina
Missouri
Delaware
Arizona

800
715
711
658
584
542
529
509
504
492

West Virginia
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Federal
Hawaii
South Dakota
Montana
Tennessee
New Mexico

1,111
1,684
1,704
1,741
2,392
2,812
3,241
3,328
3,937
4,215

Maine
Minnesota
North Dakota
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Vermont
Nebraska
Utah
West Virginia
Massachusetts

127
132
161
181
188
213
225
230
231
243

New Jersey
Utah
New York
Texas
California
Illinois
Oklahoma
Rhode Island
Ohio
Massachusetts

Percent
change
9.3%
8.9
8.5
8.3
8.0
7.9
7.5
7.2
6.8
6.1

Growth since
1995

Average
percent
changeb

North Dakota
Idaho
Oregon
West Virginia
Montana
Mississippi
Federal
Colorado
Tennessee
Utah

11.0%
10.3
9.8
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.5
7.9
7.7
7.3

Massachusetts
Alaska
New York
Ohio
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Maryland
Florida
South Carolina
Virginia

-1.8%
-1.0
-0.2
0.2
0.7
0.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3

10 lowest:
North Dakota
Wyoming
Maine
Vermont
New Hampshire
South Dakota
Rhode Island
Montana
Nebraska
West Virginia

-5.5%
-5.2
-3.8
-2.8
-2.2
-2.1
-1.7
-1.4
-1.2
-1.1

a
The number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per 100,000 residents in the
State population. The Federal Bureau of Prisons and the District of Columbia are excluded.
b
The average annual percent change from 1995 to 2001 in sentenced prisoners.

Louisiana had the highest
incarceration rate; Maine, the lowest

Male and female incarceration rates
stable from yearend 2000 to 2001

At yearend 2001 the 10 jurisdictions
with the largest prison populations had
under their jurisdiction 840,864
inmates, 60% of the Nation's total
prison population (table 6). Texas
(162,070), California (159,444), and
the Federal system (156,933) held a
third of the population. The 10 States
with the smallest prison populations
collectively held 1.8% of the Nation=s
total prison population.

During 2001 the number of women
under the jurisdiction of State or
Federal prison authorities decreased
by 0.2%, while the number of men
incarcerated in a State or Federal
prison rose 1.2% (table 7). At yearend
2001 there were 93,031 women and
1,313,000 men in State or Federal
prisons.

Louisiana had the highest prison incarceration rate (800 sentenced inmates
per 100,000 residents), followed by
Mississippi (715), Texas (711), and
Oklahoma (658). Six States had
prison incarceration rates below 200,
led by Maine (127), Minnesota (132),
and North Dakota (161).
Since 1995 two States had average
annual prison population increases of
at least 10% C North Dakota (11%)
and Idaho (10.3%). Massachusetts
(-1.8%), Alaska (-1%), and New York
(-0.2%) had decreases.

6 Prisoners in 2001

Since 1995 the annual rate of growth
of the female inmate population has
averaged 5.2%, higher than the 3.7%
average increase in the number of
male inmates. While the total number
of male prisoners has grown 24%
since 1995, the number of female
prisoners has increased 36%. By
yearend 2001 women accounted for
6.6% of all prisoners, up from 6.1%
in 1995.
Relative to their number in the U.S.
resident population, men were about
15 times more likely than women to be
incarcerated in a State or Federal

prison. At yearend 2001 there were 58
sentenced female inmates per 100,000
women in the United States, compared
to 896 sentenced male inmates per
100,000 men.
Table 7. Prisoners under the
jurisdiction of State or Federal
correctional authorities, by gender,
yearend 1995, 2000, and 2001
All inmates
Advance 2001
Final 2000
Final 1995
Percent change,
2000-2001
Average annual
1995-2001

Men

Women

1,313,000
1,298,027
1,057,406

93,031
93,234
68,468

1.2%
3.7

-0.2%
5.2

Sentenced to more
than 1 year
1,259,481 85,031
Advance 2001
Final 2000
1,246,234 85,044
Percent change,
1.1%
0.0%
2000-2001
Incarceration rate*
2001
1995

896
789

58
47

*The number of prisoners with sentences of
more than 1 year per 100,000 residents on
December 31.

Over a third of all female prisoners were
held in the 3 largest jurisdictions

Table 8. Women under the jurisdiction of State or Federal
correctional authorities,1995-2001
Region and
jurisdiction

Number of female
inmates
2001
2000
1995

Percent change
2000 to Average,
1995 to 01a
2001

Incarceration
rate, 2001b

93,031 93,234 68,468

-0.2%

5.2%

58

10,973 10,245 7,398
82,058 82,989 61,070

7.1
-1.1

6.8
5.0

6
52

8,401
975
36
656
109
1,307
3,615
1,502
157
44

0.3%
2.9
-10.6
8.0
7.5
-1.3
-4.5
8.4
-18.9
18.8

1.4%
6.8
8.6
1.5
2.8
3.7
-2.4
2.2
3.5
13.7

29
46
8
13
20
37
32
27
10
18

Midwest
Illinois
Indianac
Iowa
Kansas
Michiganc
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

14,878 14,598 10,864
2,747
2,849 2,196
1,542
1,452
892
635
592
425
497
504
449
2,149
2,131 1,842
383
368
217
2,124
1,993 1,174
342
266
211
101
68
29
2,829
2,808 2,793
222
200
134
1,307
1,367
502

1.9%
-3.6
6.2
7.3
-1.4
0.8
4.1
6.6
28.6
48.5
0.7
11.0
-4.4

5.4%
3.8
9.6
6.9
1.7
2.6
9.9
10.4
8.4
23.1
0.2
8.8
17.3

45
43
49
43
36
42
15
73
38
27
49
58
47

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolinac
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennesseec
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

39,138 39,652 27,366
1,783
1,826 1,295
793
772
523
591
597
358
189
356
494
4,281
4,105 3,660
2,834
2,758 2,036
1,138
1,061
734
2,262
2,219 1,424
1,207
1,219 1,079
1,823
1,669
791
2,015
1,903 1,752
2,290
2,394 1,815
1,509
1,420 1,045
1,468
1,369
637
12,369 13,622 7,935
2,240
2,059 1,659
346
303
129

-1.3%
-2.4
2.7
-1.0
-4.3
2.8
7.3
1.9
-1.0
9.2
5.9
-4.3
6.3
7.2
-9.2
8.8
14.2

6.1%
5.5
7.2
8.7
-2.6
5.7
7.6
8.0
1.9
14.9
2.4
4.0
6.3
14.9
7.7
5.1
17.9

68
74
57
62
-50
66
52
99
38
113
35
130
65
50
96
59
36

West
Alaska
Arizona
Californiac
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyomingc

18,931 19,657 14,439
376
284
243
2,168
1,964 1,432
9,921 11,161 9,082
1,375
1,333
713
616
561
312
563
493
212
363
306
112
839
846
530
517
511
278
663
596
465
316
381
161
1,079
1,065
793
135
156
106

-3.7%
32.4
10.4
-11.1
3.2
9.8
14.2
18.6
-0.8
1.2
11.2
-17.1
1.3
-13.5

4.6%
7.5
7.2
1.5
11.6
12.0
17.7
21.7
8.0
10.9
6.1
11.9
5.3
4.1

55
53
72
55
62
65
84
79
78
50
37
26
35
54

U.S. total
Federal
State
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusettsc
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

9,111
1,447
59
716
129
1,628
3,133
1,711
193
95

9,082
1,406
66
663
120
1,650
3,280
1,579
238
80

Texas (12,369), the Federal system (10,973),
and California (9,921) held more than a third of
all female inmates (table 8). Oklahoma (with
130 sentenced female inmates per 100,000
female State residents), Mississippi (113),
Louisiana (99), and Texas (96) had the highest
female incarceration rates. Those with the
lowest female incarceration rate were concentrated in the Northeast: Maine (with 8
sentenced female prisoners per 100,000
female residents), Rhode Island (10), and
Massachusetts (13).
Since 1995 the female prisoner population has
grown at an annual average rate of at least
10% in 13 States. North Dakota reported the
highest average annual increase in female
prisoners (23%), followed by Montana (22%),
West Virginia and Idaho (both up 18%), and
Wisconsin (17%). New York (-2.4%) was the
only State to report a decrease in female
prisoners since 1995.
Privately operated prisons held nearly
92,000 State and Federal inmates in 2001
At yearend 2001, 32 States, the District of
Columbia, and the Federal system reported a
total of 91,828 prisoners held in privately
operated facilities (table 9). These private
facilities held 5.8% of all State prisoners and
12.3% of Federal prisoners. Among States,
Texas (with 16,331 State inmates housed in
private facilities) and Oklahoma (with 6,658)
reported the largest number in 2000. Five
States C New Mexico (44%), Montana (33%),
Alaska (32%), Oklahoma (29%), and Wyoming
(28%) C had at least 25% of their prison
population housed in private facilities.
Except for Wisconsin (with 16% of its State
inmates in private facilities), North Dakota,
Ohio, and Indiana (with 4%), and New Jersey
(with 9%), the use of private facilities was
concentrated among Southern and Western
States. Overall, 8.1% of State inmates in the
South and 6.2% in the West were in privately
operated facilities at the end of 2001.

-- Not calculated due to the transfer to the Federal system.
a
The average annual percentage increase from 1995 to 2001.
b
The number of female prisoners with sentences of more than 1 year
per 100,000 U.S. residents.
c
Growth from 1995 to 2001 may be slightly overestimated due to a
change in reporting from custody to jurisdiction counts.

Prisoners in 2001

7

Table 9. State and Federal prisoners held in private facilities, local jails, or other
States' facilities, by jurisdiction, yearend 2001

Region and
jurisdiction
U.S. total
Federal
Stateb

Private facilities
Percent of
Number all inmatesa
91,828
19,251
72,577

6.5%
12.3
5.8

Local jails
Percent of
Number all inmatesa

In other State or
Federal facilities
Percent of
Number all inmatesa

70,681

5.0%

6,111

0.4%

2,921
67,760

1.9
5.4

1,194
4,917

0.8
0.4

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jerseyc
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandc
Vermontc

3,131
0
11
0
0
2,620
0
500
0
0

1.8%
0
0.6
0
0
9.3
0
1.3
0
0

2,593
-3
420
12
2,019
139
0
---

1.5%
-0.2
4.0
0.5
7.2
0.2
0
---

1,262
497
50
91
71
71
0
45
46
391

0.7%
2.6
2.9
0.9
3.0
0.3
0
0.1
1.4
22.5

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

6,920
0
915
0
98
449
0
0
0
44
1,924
35
3,455

2.9%
0
4.4
0
1.1
0.9
0
0
0
4
4.2
1.2
16.0

2,192
0
1,320
0
0
237
184
0
0
21
0
16
414

0.9%
0
6.3
0
0
0.5
2.8
0
0
1.9
0
0.6
1.9

875
31
0
0
89
0
144
247
26
21
35
39
243

0.4%
0
0
0
1.0
0
2.2
0.9
0.7
1.9
0.1
1.4
1.1

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

45,690
0
0
0
986
3,995
4,561
1,028
2,928
128
3,634
191
6,658
6
3,678
16,331
1,566
0

8.1%
0
0
0
35.9
5.5
9.9
6.7
8.2
0.5
16.9
0.6
29.2
0
15.5
10.1
5.0
0

57,782
601
951
--0
4,682
4,706
16,050
140
3,736
0
903
446
6,230
15,158
3,440
739

10.3%
2.2
7.8
--0
10.2
30.5
44.9
0.6
17.4
0
4.0
2.0
26.3
9.4
10.9
17.5

1,143
491
38
28
4
0
0
18
0
45
0
0
70
290
0
0
86
73

0.2%
1.8
0.3
0.4
0.1
0
0
0.1
0
0.2
0
0
0.3
1.3
0
0
0.3
1.7

West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washingtonc
Wyoming

16,836
1,441
1,429
4,452
2,390
1,251
1,348
1,087
478
2,484
0
0
0
476

6.2%
31.7
5.2
2.8
13.7
22.9
22.4
32.7
4.7
43.8
0
0
0
28.3

5,193
-349
2,727
129
-249
496
188
0
8
1,020
0
27

1.9%
-1.3
1.7
0.7
-4.1
14.9
1.8
0
0.1
19.1
0
1.6

1,637
1
101
628
0
29
91
37
205
18
209
146
81
91

0.6%
0
0.4
0.4
0
0.5
1.5
1.1
2.0
0.3
1.8
2.7
0.5
5.4

--Not applicable. Prison and jails form an integrated system.
a
Based on the total number of inmates under State or Federal jurisdiction.
b
Includes 6,515 Federal inmates in non-secure privately operated facilities.
C
Inmates held in other State facilities include interstate compact cases.

8 Prisoners in 2001

Local jails held more than 70,000
State prisoners
At the end of 2001, 33 States, the
District of Columbia, and the Federal
system reported a total of 70,681 State
and Federal prisoners held in local jails
or other facilities operated by county or
local authorities. These inmates held
in local jails represented 5% of all
prisoners in 2001. Approximately 11%
of inmates in local jails were being held
for State or Federal prison authorities.
Louisiana had the largest percentage
of its State inmate population housed
in local jails (45%). Two other States C
Kentucky (31%) and Tennessee (26%)
C had at least 25% of their population
housed in local jail facilities.
In addition to housing inmates in
privately operated facilities and local
jails (within their own State and
elsewhere), 38 States and the District
of Columbia reported placing inmates
in Federal facilities and in other Stateoperated facilities. On December 31,
2001, 6,111 prisoners nationwide were
held under such arrangements C
representing less than 1% of all State
prisoners. California placed the most
inmates (628), followed by Connecticut
(497), Alabama (491), and Vermont
(391). Vermont (23%) had more than
10% of its prison population housed in
facilities of other States or the Federal
system.
Prison capacity measures vary
Prison capacity and the extent of
crowding are difficult to determine
because of the absence of uniform
measures for defining capacity. Jurisdictions apply a variety of capacity
measures to reflect both the available
space to house inmates and the ability
to staff and operate an institution. To
estimate the capacity of their prisons,
jurisdictions were asked to supply three
measures for yearend 2001: rated,
operational, and design capacities.

Table 10. Reported Federal and State prison capacities, yearend 2001

Region
and jurisdiction
Federal

Type of capacity measure
OperaRated
tional
Design

Custody population
as a percent of C
Lowest
Highest
capacitya
capacitya

100,199

...

...

131 %

131%

Northeast
Connecticutb
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

...
1,428
...
2,419
...
61,844
33,757
3,692
1,311

...
1,641
...
2,238
...
64,492
33,757
3,692
1,361

...
1,460
8,926
2,213
17,122
54,527
26,186
3,903
1,220

...
101 %
114
100
137
105
110
86
103

...
117%
114
109
137
124
142
91
115

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

34,575
15,411
6,772
8,816
...
6,582
...
...
1,005
39,650
...
...

34,575
20,528
6,772
...
49,324
6,582
29,162
3,923
952
...
2,713
13,772

29,791
...
6,772
...
...
6,582
...
3,331
1,005
...
...
...

128 %
91
118
97
98
97
98
100
103
113
102
126

149%
122
118
97
98
97
98
118
109
113
102
126

24,248
12,046
...
...
...
...
11,680
19,660
...
...
29,254
...
...
18,162
156,738
32,117
...

...
11,382
4,206
1,674
76,518
46,526
11,430
19,931
23,874
16,072
...
23,304
23,325
17,729
153,099
...
3,539

12,406
10,647
3,192
...
56,607
...
...
...
...
...
29,254
...
21,861
...
156,738
...
3,189

102 %
95
-97
89
89
92
99
99
94
110
93
93
96
95
93
96

200%
108
-97
121
89
94
100
99
94
110
93
99
99
97
93
107

2,603
...
...
...
...
3,980
...
10,548
6,106
...
...
9,898
1,114

2,691
27,948
150,536
12,922
3,406
3,781
1,370
...
6,106
11,298
4,286
12,793
1,052

2,603
...
79,957
11,748
2,481
3,194
896
8,312
5,986
11,008
4,509
12,793
1,141

109 %
99
101
115
113
99
125
93
93
97
92
119
89

113%
99
191
127
156
123
191
118
95
99
96
154
97

South
Alabama
Arkansasc
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippic
North Carolina
Oklahomac
South Carolina
Tennesseec
Texasc,d
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaskae
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevadac
New Mexicoc
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

...Data not available.
--Not calculated. (See Jurisdiction notes.)
a
Population counts are based on the number of inmates held in facilities operated by the
jurisdiction. Excludes inmates held in local jails, in other States, or in private facilities.
b
Connecticut no longer reports capacity because of a law passed in 1995.
c
Includes capacity of private and contract facilities and inmates housed in them.
d
Excludes capacity of county facilities and inmates housed in them.
e
Capacity counts for 2000 were used as an estimate for capacity for yearend 2001.

These measures were defined as
follows:
Rated capacity is the number of beds
or inmates assigned by a rating official
to institutions within the jurisdiction.
Operational capacity is the number of
inmates that can be accommodated,
based on a facility’s staff, existing
programs, and services.
Design capacity is the number of
inmates that planners or architects
intended for the facility.
Of the 51 reporting jurisdictions,
28 supplied a rated capacity; 42, an
operational capacity; and 33, a design
capacity (table 10).
Nineteen jurisdictions provided only 1
measure or the same figure for each
measure they reported. For the 28
jurisdictions with more than 1 reported
type of capacity, estimates of population as a percent of capacity are based
on the highest and lowest figures
provided.
22 States and Federal system
operating at or above highest
capacity
Prisons generally require reserve
capacity to operate efficiently. Dormitories and cells need to be maintained
and repaired periodically, special
housing is needed for protective
custody and disciplinary cases, and
space may be needed to cope with
emergencies.
At yearend 2001, 26 States reported
that they were operating at or below
99% of their highest capacity (table
10). Twenty-two States and the
Federal prison system reported operating at 100% or more of their highest
capacity. Rhode Island, which was
operating at 86% of its highest
capacity, reported the lowest percent of
capacity occupied. California and
Montana operating at 91% over their
lowest reported capacity, had the
highest percent of capacity occupied.

Prisoners in 2001

9

By yearend 2001 the Federal prison
system was operating at 31% over
capacity, the same as the number
reported in 2000. Overall, State
prisons in 2001 were operating at
between 1% over their highest
capacity and 16% above their lowest
capacity (table 11).
Table 11. State prison population
as a percent of capacity, yearend 2001
State
prisonsa
Highest capacity
Lowest capacity
Population as a
percent of capacityb
Highest
1990
1995
2000
2001

1,140,412
991,017

At yearend 2001, 19,137 detainees
were held by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service
The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) reported 19,137
detainees on December 31, 2001,
down from 19,528 at yearend 2000
(table 12). Though many of these
detainees (10,376) were held in
Federal and State prisons and local
jails, 4,550 were in INS-operated
facilities and 1,947 in private facilities
under exclusive contract to the INS.
Following the events of September
11, 2001, the number of persons held
under INS jurisdiction rose, peaking

115
114
100
101

Lowest
1990
127
1995
125
2000
115
2001
116
Note: Data reflect the highest and lowest
of the three capacities reported.
a
Capacity figures were estimated for
Connecticut in 2000 and 2001.
b
Excludes inmates sentenced to prison
but held in local jails and inmates in private
facilities (unless included in the reported
capacity). See Jurisdiction notes.

at 21,226 on September 25 (figure 2).
Since that time, despite weekly
fluctuations, the population has
dropped steadily, reaching a low
of 18,268 on December 22.
Among the 19,137 INS detainees for
immigration violations at yearend
2001, 10,784 had been convicted of
criminal offenses, and 1,589 had
pending criminal cases. Detainees
convicted of violent offenses constituted the largest group under INS
jurisdiction (32.5%), followed by those
convicted of drug offenses (32.3%),
property offenses (14.5%), and public
order offenses (11.0%).

Table 12. Number of detainees under the jurisdiction of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS), by type of facility, yearend 1995, 2000, and 2001
Number of detainees
2001
2000
1995

Facility type
Total*
INS-operated facilities
Private facilities under
exclusive contract to INS
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Other Federal facilities
Intergovernmental agreements
State prisons
Local jails
Other facilities

19,137
4,550

19,528
4,785

8,177
3,776

1,947
1,276
162
11,201
419
8,681
2,101

1,829
1,444
178
11,281
369
8,886
2,026

652
1,282
181
2,286
8
1,984
294

Percent
change,
2000-01
-2.0%
-4.9
6.5
-11.6
-9.0
-0.7
13.6
-2.3
3.7

Percent of
all detainees
2001
1995
100%
23.8

100%
46.2

10.2
6.7
0.8
58.5
2.2
45.4
11.0

8.0
15.7
2.2
28.0
0.1
24.3
3.6

*Detail does not sum to total due to unknown facility type
for 1 detainee in 2000 and 2001.

D a ilycounts
c o u n tsof
o fdetainees
d e ta in e e sunder
u n d e rINS
IN Sjurisdiction,
ju rid ic tio n ,
Daily
A u g u s t11to
toDecember
D e c e m b e r31,
3 1 ,2001
2001
August
Num ber of detainees
22,000

21,000

20,000

19,000

18,000
8/1

Figure 2

10 Prisoners in 2001

8/15

9/1

9/15

10/1

10/15

11/1

11/15

12/1

12/15

1/1

At yearend 2001 U.S. military
authorities held 2,436 prisoners in
59 facilities
About 82% of prisoners held by the
Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine
Corps were convicted inmates; 18%
were unconvicted persons whose
cases had not been tried (table 13).
Fifty-five percent of the prisoners
(1,332) had sentences of 1 year or
more. At yearend 2001 the Army’s
Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and five other local or
regional Army facilities held the largest
share (40%) of all inmates under
military jurisdiction. The 11 Navy facilities held nearly 37% of all inmates; the
6 Marine Corps facilities held 18% of
all inmates; and the 36 Air Force facilities held 5% of all inmates.
The operational capacity of the 59
military confinement facilities totaled
4,478 (not shown in a table). At
yearend 2001 these facilities were
operating at 54% of their operational
capacity.
U.S. Territories held 15,852 inmates
in 2001
The U.S. Territories and Commonwealths C American Samoa, Guam,
Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico,
and Virgin Islands C reported 15,852
inmates under the jurisdiction of their
prison systems at yearend 2001, a
decrease of 1.7% since 2000 (table
14).
Prisoners with a sentence of more than
1 year totaled 11,910 (or three-quarters
of the total territorial prison population).
Since 1995 the number of sentenced
prisoners held in U.S. Territories has
grown 28%, compared to the 21%
increase in the number of sentenced
State prisoners.

Relative to the resident populations in
the Territories, the rate of incarceration
was 271 prisoners per 100,000
residents C less than two-thirds of the
combined rate of the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. Of the 5 Territories, the U.S. Virgin Islands had the
highest prison incarceration rate (339
inmates per 100,000 residents),
followed by Puerto Rico (with 278).
Puerto Rico, the largest of the Territories, had the most sentenced prisoners
(10,997 at yearend 2001), down from
11,075 in 2000. In 2001, 21 States had
fewer sentenced inmates than Puerto
Rico; 12 States had lower incarceration
rates.

More black males than white males
among State and Federal inmates
at yearend 2001
Percent of prisoners under
State or Federal jurisdiction*
1990
2000
Total
White
Black
Hispanic
Other

100.0%
35.6
44.5
17.4
2.5

100.0%
36.1
46.3
15.6
2.0

*Based on inmates with sentences
of more than 1 year.

At yearend 2001 black non-Hispanic
inmates represented an estimated

Table 13. Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch
of service, yearend 2000 and 2001

Branch of service

Total
2001
2000

Percent
change,
2000-01

Sentenced to
more than 1 year
2001
2000

Percent
change,
2000-01

To which
prisoners belonged
Total
Air Force
Army
Marine Corps
Navy
Coast Guard

2,436
480
804
628
516
8

2,420
413
789
730
474
14

0.7%
16.2
1.9
-14.0
8.9
-42.9

1,332
267
600
236
226
3

1,346
253
585
280
222
6

-1.0%
5.5
2.6
-15.7
1.8
-50.0

Holding prisoners
Total
Air Force
Army
Marine Corps
Navy

2,436
126
981
428
901

2,420
102
994
563
761

0.7%
23.5
-1.3
-24.0
18.4

1,332
14
822
77
419

1,346
11
831
134
370

-1.0%
27.3
-1.1
-42.5
13.2

Table 14. Prisoners in custody of correctional authorities
in the U.S. Territories, yearend 2000 and 2001
Total
U.S.
Territory

Advance
2001

Final
2000

Percent
change,
2000-01

Total

15,852

16,130

-1.7%

Sentenced to more than 1 year
Percent
IncarAdvance Final change, ceration
2001
2000 2000-00 rate, 2001*
11,910 11,916

155
140
10.7
125
114
American Samoa
Guam
585
684 -14.5
297
323
Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana
Islands
102
97
5.2
72
51
Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico
14,516 14,691
-1.2
10,997 11,075
U.S. Virgin Islands
494
518
-4.6
419
353
--Not calculated.
*The number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year
per 100,000 persons in the resident population. Midyear population
estimates were provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census,
International Data Base.

-0.1%

271

9.6
-8.0

182
185

41.2

93

-0.7
18.7

278
339

Prisoners in 2001

11

46% of all inmates with sentences of
more than 1 year, while white
non-Hispanic inmates accounted for
36% and Hispanic inmates, 16%.

An estimated 10% of black males,
age 25-29, in prison in 2001

When incarceration rates are
estimated separately by age group,
Although the total number of sentenced black males in their twenties and
inmates rose sharply (up 82% between thirties are found to have high rates
1990 and 2001), there were only small relative to other groups (table 16).
Expressed in terms of percentages,
changes in the racial and Hispanic
10.0% of black non-Hispanic males
composition of the inmate population.
age 25 to 29 were in prison on DecemAt yearend 2001, black males
ber 31, 2001, compared to 2.9% of
(585,800) outnumbered white males
Hispanic males and about 1.2% of
(449,200) and Hispanic males
white males in the same age group.
(199,700) among inmates with
Although incarceration rates drop with
sentences of more than 1 year (table
age, the percentage of black males
15). More than 43% of all sentenced
age 45 to 54 in prison in 2001 was still
inmates were black males.
Table 15. Number of sentenced prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction,
by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2001

Age
Total
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-54
55 or
older

Totala

Number of sentenced prisoners
Males
Females
Whiteb
Blackb Hispanic
Totala
Whiteb
Blackb

1,259,481 449,200 585,800
35,600
8,900 17,400
214,600 60,000 106,500
241,800 71,000 122,500
238,600 85,100 110,700
214,500 81,900 102,000
145,900 58,400 64,300
124,800 59,500 48,400
38,400

23,300

10,800

Hispanic

199,700
7,000
40,600
42,100
39,100
28,900
21,200
16,100

85,031
1,300
8,500
15,200
21,100
18,600
10,100
8,000

36,200
700
3,700
5,600
8,700
8,000
4,200
3,900

36,400
500
3,200
6,600
9,400
8,400
4,700
3,000

10,200
100
1,500
2,000
2,400
2,000
1,000
1,000

4,100

1,800

1,300

500

100

were rounded to the nearest 100.
Note: Based on custody counts from National
a
Includes American Indians, Alaska
Prisoners Statistics (NPS-1A) and updated from
jurisdiction counts by gender at yearend. Estimates Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians,
by age derived from the Surveys of Inmates in State and other Pacific Islanders.
and Federal Correctional facilities, 1997. Estimates bExcludes Hispanics.

Table 16. Number of sentenced prisoners under State or Federal jurisdiction
per 100,000 residents, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 2001

Age
Total
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-54
55 or older

Number of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 residents of each group
Males
Females
Totala
Whiteb Blackb Hispanic Totala
Whiteb Blackb Hispanic
896
838
2,199
2,624
2,401
1,906
1,286
685
149

462
3,535
321
2,858
941
7,901
1,173 10,028
1,267
8,791
1,029
7,536
699
4,932
422
2,652
110
512

1,177
1,092
2,627
2,946
2,681
2,030
1,786
1,032
250

Note: Based on estimates of the U.S. resident
population on July 1, 2000, and adjusted for the
1990 census undercount.
a
Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives,

12 Prisoners in 2001

58
31
91
164
211
165
88
42
6

36
25
61
94
130
102
51
27
5

199
83
225
483
682
561
320
136
18

61
23
105
150
176
147
88
61
7

Asians, Native Hawaiians, and
other Pacific Islanders.
b
Excludes Hispanics.

nearly 2.7% C only slightly lower than
the highest rate (2.9%) among
Hispanic males (age 25 to 29) and
more than twice the highest rate (1.3%)
among white males (age 30 to 34).
Female incarceration rates, though
substantially lower than male incarceration rates at every age, reveal
similar racial and ethnic disparities.
Black non-Hispanic females (with an
incarceration rate of 199 per 100,000)
were more than 3 times as likely as
Hispanic females (61 per 100,000) and
5 times more likely than white nonHispanic females (36 per 100,000) to
be in prison on December 31, 2001.
These differences among white, black,
and Hispanic females were consistent
across all age groups.
Growth linked to increasing number
of inmates in State prison for violent
and drug offenses
Between 1990 and 2000 the distribution of the four major offense categories C violent, property, drug, and
public-order offenses C changed
slightly among State prisoners. The
percent held for property and drug
offenses dropped while the percent
held for violent and public-order
offenses rose.
Percent of sentenced
State inmates
1990
2000
Total
Violent
Property
Drug
Public-order

100%
46
25
22
7

100%
49
20
21
10

In absolute numbers, an estimated
589,100 inmates in State prison at
yearend 2000 were held for violent
offenses, 158,700 for robbery,
156,300 for murder, 116,800 for
assault, and 113,900 for rape and
other sexual assaults (table 17).
In addition, 238,500 inmates were
held for property offenses, 251,100
for drug offenses, and 124,600 for
public-order offenses.

Overall, the largest growth in State
inmates between 1990 and 2000
was among violent offenders.
During the decade the number of
violent offenders grew 273,200,
while the number of drug offenders
grew 101,400 (table 18). As a
percentage of the total growth,
violent offenders accounted for 53%
of the growth; drug offenders 20%;
property offenders 12%; and publicorder offenders 15%.
Sources of growth differ among
men and women and among
white, black, and Hispanic
inmates
The increasing number of violent
offenders accounted for 55% of the
total growth among male inmates and
33% among female inmates. Drug
offenders accounted for a larger
portion of the total growth among
female inmates (33%), compared
to 19% among male inmates.
The increasing number of property
offenders accounted for a slightly
higher percent of the growth among
female inmates (19%) than male
inmates (12%).
Although the number of public-order
offenders rose sharply, they accounted
for only 15% of the total growth among
male inmates and 16% of the growth
among female inmates.
The sources of population growth also
differed among white, black, and
Hispanic prisoners. Overall, the
increasing number of drug offenses
accounted for 27% of the total growth
among black inmates, 7% of the total
growth among Hispanic inmates, and
15% of the growth among white
inmates (table 19). Violent offenders
accounted for the largest source of
growth for all groups C among white
State inmates (49%), black inmates
(52%), and Hispanic inmates (69%).

Table 17. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under State jurisdiction,
by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, 2000
Offense
Total

All
1,206,400

Male
Female
1,130,100 76,400

White
436,700

Black
562,000

Hispanic
178,500

Violent offenses
Murdera
Manslaughter
Rape
Other sexual assault
Robbery
Assault
Other violent

589,100
156,300
17,300
30,800
83,100
158,700
116,800
26,100

565,100
148,100
15,400
30,400
82,200
153,400
111,200
24,400

24,000
8,200
1,800
300
900
5,300
5,700
1,700

212,400
53,000
6,600
15,400
50,500
35,800
39,400
11,800

273,400
77,200
6,800
12,100
20,700
96,000
51,100
9,600

87,100
23,400
2,900
2,300
10,400
22,800
21,400
3,900

Property offenses
Burglary
Larceny
Motor vehicle theft
Fraud
Other property

238,500
111,300
45,700
18,800
32,500
30,100

219,300
107,800
39,900
18,100
24,800
28,600

19,200
3,600
5,800
700
7,600
1,500

108,600
50,800
17,900
7,700
17,300
14,800

96,800
45,100
21,100
7,100
12,600
10,900

28,400
13,200
5,300
3,700
2,500
3,800

251,100

226,400

24,700

58,200

145,300

43,300

124,600

116,400

8,200

56,600

44,900

19,000

300

700

1,600

700

Drug offenses
Public-order offenses

b

3,200
2,900
Other/unspecified
Note: Data are for inmates with a sentence of
more than 1 year under the jurisdiction of State
correctional authorities. The number of inmates
by offense were estimated using the 1997
Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities
and rounded to the nearest 100.
c

Includes nonnegligent manslaughter.
b
Includes weapons, drunk driving, court
offenses, commercialized vice, morals and
decency charges, liquor law violations, and
other public-order offenses.
c
Includes juvenile offenses and unspecified
felonies.
a

Table 18. Partitioning by gender and offense the growth of the sentenced prison
population under State jurisdiction, 1990-2000

Offense
Total
Violent
Property
Drug
Public-order

All prisoners
Increase,
Percent of
1990-2000 total
516,800
273,200
63,500
101,400
78,800

100%
53
12
20
15

Male prisoners
Increase,
Percent of
1990-2000 total
477,300
260,300
56,000
88,500
72,500

100%
55
12
19
15

Female prisoners
Increase,
Percent
1990-2000 of total
39,700
12,900
7,500
12,900
6,300

100%
33
19
33
16

Table 19. Partitioning by race, Hispanic origin, and offense the growth
of the sentenced prison population under State jurisdiction, 1990-2000

Offense
Total
Violent
Property
Drug
Public-order

White prisoners
Increase,
Percent of
1990-2000 total
193,300
94,800
33,400
28,600
36,900

100%
49
17
15
19

Black prisoners
Increase,
Percent of
1990-2000 total
247,300
127,300
25,900
65,500
28,300

100%
52
10
27
11

Hispanic prisoners
Increase,
Percent
1990-2000 of total
63,200
43,400
4,200
4,600
10,700

100%
69
7
7
17

Prisoners in 2001

13

both custody and jurisdiction counts.
(See NPS jurisdiction notes.)

Table 20. Number of sentenced inmates in Federal prisons,
by most serious offense, 1990, 1995, and 2000

Offense

Number of sentenced inmates
in Federal prisons
1990
1995
2000

Percent
change,
1990-2000

Percent of
total growth,
1990-2000

56,989

88,101

129,329

126.9%

100.0%

Violent offenses
Homicidea
Robbery
Other violent

9,557
1,233
5,158
3,166

11,321
966
6,341
4,014

12,973
1,124
9,450
2,399

35.7%
-8.8
83.2
-24.2

4.7%
0.2
5.9
-1.1

Property offenses
Burglary
Fraud
Other property

7,935
442
5,113
2,380

7,524
164
5,629
1,731

9,849
280
7,497
2,072

24.1%
-36.7
46.6
-12.9

1.2%
-0.2
3.3
-0.4

30,470

51,737

73,389

140.9%

59.3%

Total

Drug offenses

Excluded from NPS counts are
persons confined in locally administered confinement facilities who are
under the jurisdiction of local authorities. NPS counts include all inmates in
State-operated facilities in Alaska,
Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode
Island, and Vermont, which have
combined jail-prison systems.
Military Corrections Statistics

BJS obtains yearend counts of prisoners in the custody of U.S. military
authorities from the Department of
Defense Corrections Council. In 1994
442
1,757
1,263
185.7%
1.1%
Other/unknownb
the council, comprised of representaa
tives from each branch of military
Note: All data are from the BJS Federal justice
Includes murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and negligent manslaughter.
database. Data for 1990 and 1995 are for Decemservice, adopted a standardized report
b
Includes offenses not classifiable.
ber 31. Data for 2000 are for September 30. Data
(DD Form 2720) with a common set
are based on all sentenced inmates, regardless of
of items and definitions. This report
sentence length.
provides information on persons held
in U.S. military confinement facilities
Overall,
the
percentage
of
violent
Changing Federal prison population
inside and outside the continental
Federal
inmates
declined
from
17%
related to drugs, weapons, and
United States, by branch of service,
to
10%.
While
the
number
of
offenders
immigration violations
sex, race, Hispanic origin, conviction
in each major offense category
Prisoners sentenced for drug offenses increased, the number incarcerated for status, sentence length, and offense.
It also includes data on the number
a drug offense accounted for the
constitute the largest group of Federal
of facilities, and their design and rated
inmates (57%) in 2000, up from 53% in largest percentage of the total growth
capacities.
(59%),
followed
by
public-order
offend1990 (table 20). On September 30,
ers
(32%).
2000, the date of the latest available
NPS jurisdiction notes
data in the Federal Justice Statistics
Methodology
Program, Federal prisons held 73,389
Alaska C Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
sentenced drug offenders, compared
jail and prison populations. Counts exclude
National Prisoner Statistics
to 30,470 at yearend 1990.
Public-order offenses
Immigration
Weapons
Other public-order

8,585
1,728
3,073
3,784

15,762
3,612
7,519
4,631

Between 1990 and 2000, the number
of Federal inmates held for immigration
offenses increased 691%, and the
number held for weapons offenses
increased 247%. The number of
immigration offenders rose from 1,728
in 1990 to 13,676 in 2000; weapons
offenders rose from 3,073 to 10,652.
By September 30, 2000, weapons
offenders represented 8.2% of Federal
inmates and immigration violators
10.6%. Although the number of
robbers showed an increase of 83%
between 1990 and 2000, the increase
was offset by a decline of nearly 9%
among offenders held for homicide and
24% among other violent offenders
(such as inmates held for assault and
sex offenses).

14 Prisoners in 2001

31,855
13,676
10,652
7,527

271.1%
691.4
246.6
98.9

32.2%
16.5
10.5
5.2

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS),
with the U.S. Census Bureau as its
collection agent, obtains yearend and
midyear counts of prisoners from
departments of correction in each of
the 50 States, the District of Columbia,
and the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
In an effort to collect comparable data
from all jurisdictions, National Prisoner
Statistics (NPS) distinguishes prisoners
in custody from those under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner, a
State must hold that person in one of
its facilities. To have jurisdiction
means that a State has legal authority
over the prisoner. Prisoners under a
State=s jurisdiction may be in the
custody of a local jail, another State=s
prison, or other correctional facility.
Some States are unable to provide

individuals in electronic and special
monitoring programs.

Arizona C Population counts are based
on custody data. Counts exclude 332
sentenced males and 27 sentenced
females housed in local jails who were
awaiting transfer to the DOC.
The definition of operational capacity has
changed to include temporary beds and
double bunks used in situations of
crowding.
Arkansas C During the year, the DOC took
control of two facilities previously managed
by a private company.
California C Population counts include
felons and civil addicts who are temporarily
absent, such as in court, jail or hospital.
Colorado C Population counts include 266
male and 7 female inmates in the Youthful
Offender System and 113 male and 16
female inmates housed in local jails

awaiting transfer to the Department of
Corrections.

Kansas C Population counts of inmates
with a sentence of more than 1 year
include an undetermined number with a
sentence of 1 year or less.

New Jersey C Population counts of
inmates with a sentence of more than 1
year include an undetermined number with
a sentence of 1 year.

Connecticut C Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations. Counts
exclude inmates in halfway houses.

Louisiana C Counts are as of December
26, 2001. Operational capacity is based
on day-to-day operations. Rated and
operational capacities include contractual
work release facilities.

Rated and operational capacity figures are
not maintained.

Legislation in 1995 abolished the capacity
law so that prisons no longer have a rated
or operational capacity. Design capacity is
recorded separately in each facility.

Population counts include 14,826 males
and 1,224 females housed in local jails as
a result of a partnership with the Louisiana
Sheriffs’ Association and local authorities.

Delaware C Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
Capacity counts include Department of
Correction halfway houses.

Maryland C Design capacity is no longer
reported because of renovations and other
changes. Operational capacity was
estimated by applying a percentage to the
population count on December 31, 2001.

North Carolina C Capacity figures refer to
standard operating capacity as of June 28,
2002, based on single occupancy per cell
and 50 square feet per inmate in multiple
occupancy units.

District of Columbia C Prisons and jails
form one integrated system. All NPS data
include jail and prison populations. Counts
exclude inmates held in the Federal
system as a result of the transfer of
responsibility for sentenced felons under
the 1997 Revitalization Act.

Massachusetts C By law, offenders may
be sentenced to terms of up to 2½ years in
locally operated jails. Such offenders are
included in counts and rates for local jails.
About 6,200 inmates with sentences of
more than 1 year were held in local jails in
2000.

Capacity figures exclude 4 privately run
facilities under contract with the Department of Corrections.

Federal C Custody counts include inmates
housed in privately operated secure facilities under contract with BOP or with State
or local government that has an intergovernmental agreement. Custody counts
exclude offenders housed under home
confinement.
Rated capacity excludes contract beds.
Florida C Population counts are based on
custody data, including inmates in privately
operated facilities.
Georgia C Population counts are based
on custody data, including inmates in
privately operated facilities.
Facilities in Georgia are not given rated or
design capacities.
Hawaii C Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
Idaho C Rated capacity is defined as
100% of the maximum capacity; operational capacity as 95% of the maximum
(except in one facility which is 100%).
Illinois C Population counts are based on
jurisdiction data. Counts of inmates with a
sentence of more than 1 year include an
undetermined number with a sentence of 1
year.
Iowa C Population counts are based on
custody data. Counts of inmates with a
sentence of more than 1 year include an
undetermined number with a sentence of 1
year or less.

Counts include 420 inmates housed in
local jails and 86 inmates held in another
State due to crowding in State prison
facilities.
Michigan C Jurisdiction counts exclude
237 inmates held in local jails.
Operational capacity includes institution
and camp net capacities and populations
in community programs.
Mississippi C Operation and design
capacities include private prison capacities
and exclude local county jails and county
regional facilities.
Missouri C Design capacities are not
available for older prisons. Operational
capacity is defined as the number of available beds including those temporarily
off-line.
Montana C Counts include 251 inmates
under intensive supervision in the community and 26 inmates housed in local jails
awaiting transfer to a State facility.
Capacity figures exclude 3 county operated
regional prisons (an estimated 610 beds)
and a State operated boot camp (60 beds).
Nebraska C Operational capacity is
defined as stress capacity (or 125% of
design capacity), which is ordered by the
governor and set by the Department of
Corrections.
Nevada C Rated capacity is defined as
emergency capacity. Design capacity is
defined as one bed per cell. Capacity
figures include 500 beds in a private
facility.

New Mexico C Operational capacity
includes the maximum number of
contracted beds in private facilities.

North Dakota C Capacity figures include a
new facility opened in 1998 and double
bunking in the State Penitentiary.
Ohio C Population counts of inmates with
a sentence of more than 1 year include an
undetermined number with a sentence of 1
year or less.
Oklahoma C Population counts of inmates
with a sentence of more than 1 year
include an undetermined number with a
sentence of 1 year.
Capacity figures include private prisons
and contract jails.
Oregon C Under a new law, inmates with
under a 1 year maximum sentence remain
under the control of local counties.
Rated and design capacities are not
recognized.
Pennsylvania C Custody counts include
inmates in contracted group homes.
In April 2001 the definition of rated capacity
was changed, based on the “Multiple
Occupancy Strategy” which allows for
housing more than 1 inmate per cell/dormitory in 80% of the housing units and 1
inmate per cell in 20% of units.
Rhode Island C Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
South Carolina C Population counts
include unsentenced inmates on Youthful
Offender Act observation status, of which
there were none on December 31, 2001.
South Dakota C Operational capacity is
planned capacity. Rated and design
capacities are not recognized.
Tennessee C Population counts of
inmates with a sentence of more than 1
year include an undetermined number with
a sentence of 1 year.
Texas C Jurisdiction counts include
inmates serving time in a pre-parole transfer (PPT) or intermediary sanctions facility
(ISF), substance abuse felony punishment
facility (SAFPF), temporary releases to

Prisoners in 2001

15

counties, and paper ready inmates in local
jails.
Capacity figures include public, privately
operated and county contracted facilities
that are state funded. Non-contracted
county jail beds are excluded.
Utah C Custody counts exclude inmates
held in county jails.
Vermont C Prisons and jails form
one integrated system. All NPS data
include jail and prison populations. Population counts are jurisdiction counts that
include inmates housed in other States but
exclude inmates on furlough or intermediate sanctions.
Virginia C Population counts are for
December 29, 2001.
Rated capacity is the DOC count of beds,
which takes into account the number of
inmates that can be accommodated based
on staff, programming, services and
design.
Washington C A recently revised law
allows increasing numbers of inmates with
sentences of less than 1 year to be housed
in prison.

U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Washington, DC 20531
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300

16 Prisoners in 2001

The Bureau of Justice Statistics
is the statistical agency of the
U.S. Department of Justice.
Lawrence A. Greenfeld is the acting
director.

Data collection and processing for
the NPS program were carried out by
Nicole D. Simpson under the supervision of Marilyn M. Monahan,
Demographic Surveys Division, U.S.
Census Bureau.

BJS Bulletins present the first release
Christopher J. Mumola collected and
of findings from permanent data
processed data on prisoners in the
collection programs such as the
U.S. Territories, in U.S. military faciliNational Prisoner Statistics.
ties, and in facilities operated by or
Paige M. Harrison and Allen J. Beck
for the U.S. Immigration and Naturaliwrote this report. Jennifer C. Karberg
zation Service.
provided statistical assistance and
verification. Tom Hester edited the
report. Jayne Robinson administered
July 2002, NCJ 195189
final production.
Wisconsin C Jurisdiction counts include
388 temporary probation or parole placements, 68 persons on escape status, and
14 persons in home residence under the
Intensive Sanctions Program.
Operational capacity excludes contracted
local jails, Federal, other State, and private
facilities.

This report in portable document
format and in ASCII, its tables, and
related statistical data are available
at the BJS World Wide Web
Internet site:
<http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/>

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